Page 49 - 加拿大佛教会湛山精舍杂志季刊第46期

中國佛教現狀 making it superficial and secularized. become an important source of thought in Chinese
culture, but also engaged in social functions that tra-
事實上，我們今天所談論的中國佛教，既是
歷史的，又是現代的。 ditional Confucian and Daoist cultures lack: keeping
The Current State of Chinese Buddhism As a matter of fact, Chinese Buddhism we are unity and balance between the transcendental world

talking about today is both historical and modern. and the secular world. As a result, Mahayana Bud-
中國佛教協會會長 學誠大和尚
Venerable Master Xuecheng, President of the Buddhist Association of China 從西元1世紀佛教自印度傳入中國，經過 dhism, which integrates the ultimate meaning of life
約600年的不斷本土化，在唐代形成了漢傳佛 and the mundane life, won universal recognition and

教的典型模式：以天台、華嚴、禪宗等八大宗 belief from emperors, scholars and officials in the
派為代表的教義理論和修證方法，以叢林制 elite class, and ordinary people, and it became a vital
度為代表的僧團組織制度，以寺院為載體的弘 spiritual support to all levels of Chinese society.

法方式，以農禪生活為代表的社會生存形態。 但是到了19世紀末，曾經與古代中國社會
實現了徹底本土化後的中國佛教，在此後一千 及中國主流思想文化高度融合、和諧共生的佛

多年的歷史中，不僅成為中國文化的重要思想 教，卻遭遇到「千年未有之變局」。近代中國
源泉，而且發揮著傳統儒道文化所欠缺的社會 在西方現代文明的強勢衝擊下，不得不開始了
功能：對超越世界與世俗世界的圓融平衡。因 它從社會制度到思想文化、生活方式等全方位

此，將生命終極意義與世俗生活融為一體的大 的現代化進程。這種以科技工業文明為目標模
乘佛法，贏得了上自帝王、士大夫精英階層下 式的現代化，導致了對農業文明背景下形成的

至民間的普遍認可和信仰，成為中國社會各階 中國傳統文化的全面質疑和批判，佛教的價值
層的重要精神支撐。 同樣遭到貶斥。在生死存亡之秋，中國佛教和
Since its transmission into China in the first cen- 中國社會一樣面臨著對自身現代轉型之路的探
tury, with about 600 years of localization, Buddhism 索和選擇。此時湧現出以太虛大師為代表的佛

had reached a state in the Tang Dynasty that typi- 教改革先行者，提出了教理、教制、教產三大
fied so-called “Han Chinese Buddhism”, This state 革命的口號。雖然太虛大師佛教革命的理想未
included Buddhist doctrines and ways of practice 能真正實現，但中國佛教的現代化序幕就此正

and realization represented by the eight sects such as 式開啟。
Tiantai, Huayan, and Chan; the organizational system However, by the end of the 19th century, Bud-
of the Sangha characterized by monastic codes; the dhism, which had once highly integrated and harmo-

dissemination of Buddhism based on Buddhist mon- niously coexisted with ancient Chinese society and
asteries; the socialized living state founded on farm mainstream Chinese thought and culture, encountered

work and Buddhist practice. “upheavals unprecedented in the past millennia.”
After the localization was completed, for more Under the strong impact of Western modern civili-
than 1,000 years Chinese Buddhism has not only zation, China had to start a comprehensive process

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